Working Principle of a Hydraulic Pump

A hydraulic pump is an essential component in hydraulic systems, providing pressurized liquid to power various mechanical operations. It converts the mechanical energy of power machines (such as electric motors and internal combustion engines) into the pressure energy of a liquid, typically hydraulic oil. This conversion process allows the hydraulic system to perform tasks such as lifting, pressing, and moving heavy loads.

Types of Hydraulic Pumps

Hydraulic pumps can be classified into three main types: gear pumps, vane pumps, and piston pumps. Each type has its own characteristics and is suited for different applications.

1. Gear Pumps

• External Gear Pump:

  • Features: Simple structure, low cost, large pulsation, high noise.
  • Advantages: Insensitive to oil contamination, durable.
  • Applications: Used in low to medium pressure applications, such as agricultural machinery and construction equipment.

• Internal Gear Pump:

  • Features: Simple structure, high cost, small pulsation, low noise.
  • Advantages: Insensitive to oil contamination, smooth operation.
  • Applications: Preferred in applications requiring low noise and smooth operation, such as industrial machinery and precision equipment.

2. Vane Pumps

• Single-Acting Vane Pump:

  • Features: Variable volume, low pressure, radial unbalanced force, high noise.
  • Advantages: Adjustable flow rate.
  • Applications: Suitable for systems requiring variable flow and low-pressure operations.

• Double-Acting Vane Pump:

  • Features: Compact, invariable volume, immune to radial unbalanced force, low noise.
  • Advantages: Consistent flow, low noise.
  • Applications: Used in hydraulic systems where low noise and stable flow are essential, such as machine tools and automotive systems.

3. Piston Pumps

• Features: High pressure, variable volume, oil sensitive, noisy.
• Advantages: Capable of handling very high pressures, efficient.
• Applications: Ideal for high-pressure applications such as hydraulic presses, industrial machinery, and heavy equipment.

Selection Criteria for Hydraulic Pumps in Different Environments

Choosing the right hydraulic pump for a specific environment depends on several factors:

1. Variable vs. Fixed Displacement

• Variable Pump: If variable flow is required, opt for radial piston pumps, axial piston pumps, or single-acting vane pumps.
• Fixed (Quantitative) Pump: Suitable for applications where constant flow is needed.

2. Working Pressure

• High Pressure (31.5 MPa): Piston pumps are ideal.
• Medium Pressure (6.3 - 16 MPa): Vane pumps can be used, with some capable of reaching higher pressures.
• Low to Medium Pressure (2.5 - 21 MPa): Gear pumps are suitable, especially with high-pressure variants.

3. Resistance to Contamination

• High Resistance: Gear pumps have the best anti-pollution capabilities.
• Moderate Resistance: Vane pumps offer a balanced performance.
• Low Resistance: Piston pumps are more sensitive to oil contamination and require cleaner operating conditions.

4. Noise Levels

• Low Noise: Internal gear pumps, double-acting vane pumps, and screw pumps are preferred for low-noise environments.
• Applications: Suitable for indoor settings and noise-sensitive operations.

5. Efficiency

• High Efficiency: Axial piston pumps have the highest total efficiency.
• Moderate Efficiency: Vane pumps offer a good balance of efficiency and performance.
• Basic Efficiency: Gear pumps are less efficient but are cost-effective and durable.

Conclusion

Selecting the appropriate hydraulic pump involves considering the specific requirements of the application, including pressure, flow rate, contamination resistance, noise levels, and efficiency. Each type of hydraulic pump—gear, vane, or piston—has its unique advantages and is suited for different environments and operational demands. Proper selection ensures optimal performance, longevity, and reliability of the hydraulic system.

 

OstBridge is based on the market in China and Europe to provide our clients with original HEIDENHAIN, PRECIZIKA, SIEMENS, B & R, BOSCH REXROTH, EATON VICKERS, PARKER, Large stock, accept MOQ, fast delivery, If you are looking for the fields of precise motion control, electronic control, automation and hydraulic system, the OstBridge team must be your first choice to bring you the right solution.